[Ruby] Add support for faraday 2.x

Created by: ykitamura-mdsol

Closes #12074 (closed)

To support Faraday 2.x, we only need the changes in dfa16a68 I also did a little refactoring mainly to memoize Faraday connections in 1594f4eb. If it doesn't look good, I can take it out so let me know.

Additionally, since the params_encoder option seems to be configured twice, modified in f8d4cff2 to remove redundancy.

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